Downward Punch
Executed from a walking stance or sitting stance, driving the fist downward towards a low target or fallen opponent. Maintain sine wave motion and full hip twist to generate downward momentum.
Middle Punch
Delivered to the solar plexus or chest height. The punching fist twists 180 degrees at the moment of impact while the non-punching hand pulls back sharply to the hip.
High Punch
Targeted at eye level or nose level of the opponent. Utilizes relaxed sine wave movement with power generated through reaction arm momentum.
Vertical Punch
The fist travels straight to the target held vertically (knuckles aligned vertically). Often used in close quarters.
Upset Punch
Punch executed with palm facing upward at impact, striking into ribs or abdomen underneath opponent guard.
Crescent Punch
Punch travels in a semi-circular arc around opponent guard to strike temple or jaw.
Backfist Side Strike
Snap backfist horizontally outward at temple or eye level using elbow joint as fulcrum with full hips rotation.
Reverse Knifehand Strike
Executed using thumb edge of hand with thumb bent tightly into palm. Delivered in outward sweeping motion to neck or temple.
Front Elbow Strike
Drive elbow forward horizontally into solar plexus or jaw supported by pulling opposite hand sharply to chest or fist.
Low Block
Deflects low kicks or punches targeted at the groin area. The forearm stops 15-20cm above the knee parallel to the thigh.
Rising Block
Cross forearms in front of chest, drive arm upward at 45 degree angle over head to deflect downward strikes.
Outer Forearm Middle Block
Deflects middle punches or kicks traveling inward toward solar plexus or chest. Forearm angled at 45 degrees.
Inner Forearm Middle Block
Block executed traveling from inside to outside using thumb-side inner forearm. Very common in Do-San and Won-Hyo.
Knifehand Middle Guarding Block
Both hands open in knifehand position. Front hand guards solar plexus height, rear hand guards chest height 3cm in front of sternum.
Wedging Block
Cross forearms at chest height with palms facing inward, drive forearms outward sideways simultaneously to break lapel grab.
Palm Pressing Block
Press open palm downward toward opponent front snap kick or low thrust to redirect energy downward.
W-Shape Block
Both arms raised creating a 'W' mountain shape to block simultaneous twin high attacks to temple or head sides.
Front Snap Kick
Raise knee high to target level, snap lower leg forward horizontally, striking with ball of foot with toes pulled back.
Side Piercing Kick
Chamber knee closely to chest, pivot supporting foot 180 degrees, drive heel and footsword out horizontally.
Turning Kick
Pivot standing foot outward, rotate hips over, snap lower leg in an arc towards side of head or ribs.
Reverse Turning Kick
Spin 360 degrees backward, extending leg to hook back heel across opponent head in powerful circular whip.
Flat Fingertip Thrust
Palms face downward. Thrust straight into solar plexus or eyes. Opposite hand presses down on opponent forearm.
Straight Fingertip Thrust
Hand held vertically edge down with middle finger slightly bent to match length of index finger. Thrust into solar plexus.
Walking Stance
Length: 1.5 shoulder widths from front toes to rear toes. Width: 1 shoulder width. Weight: 50% front, 50% rear.
L-Stance
Weight distribution: 70% rear leg, 30% front leg. Feet form an 'L' shape at 90 degrees angle.
Sitting Stance
Width: 1.5 shoulder widths between big toes. Weight: 50% on each leg with knees bent outwards over toes.
Forefist
Formed by tightly curling four fingers into palm and locking thumb firmly over index and middle finger knuckles.
Knifehand
Open hand with four fingers tightly pressed together and thumb tucked flat against side. Impact tool is muscle edge.
Footsword
Outer edge of foot from heel to base of pinky toe. Toes are pulled back tightly away from direction of thrust.
Attention
Stand upright in Attention Stance with heels together, toes pointing out 45 degrees, fists lightly clenched by sides.
Bow / Bowing
Bow waist forward 15 degrees from Attention stance, keeping eyes on opponent or instructor.
Sine Wave Principle
Motion of body weight in an 'S' shape (down-up-down) during movement execution. Relaxes muscles during transition.